The speaker discusses the importance of short chain fatty acids, which are produced by gut bacteria when they break down fiber. These acids act as signaling molecules, influencing the immune system and gene expression, and are crucial for maintaining health, particularly in relation to autoimmune conditions.

• Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by gut bacteria when they break down fiber and resistant starches, and they act as signaling molecules that can influence gene expression and immune function.
• SCFAs play a crucial role in reducing inflammation and supporting immune health, and they are particularly important for promoting T-regulatory cells which suppress the immune system and protect against autoimmune diseases.